High-Trust Remote Teams | Async Communication Guide
Build trust in distributed teams with GitScrum's Team Standup, Discussions, and transparent task management. High-trust remote teams move faster with less oversight.
18 min read
High-trust remote teams outperform their peers by moving faster with less oversight, making decisions autonomously, and collaborating without friction. Building trust remotely requires intentional practices since casual office interactions don't happen naturally. GitScrum provides the visibility and async communication tools that form the foundation of trust in distributed teams.
Foundations of Remote Trust
Components of team trust:
| Trust Element | In-Office | Remote Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| Visibility | See people working | Transparent task updates |
| Communication | Hallway conversations | Async channels, Discussions |
| Reliability | Observe follow-through | Consistent delivery + updates |
| Competence | Watch problem-solving | Code reviews, shared work |
| Vulnerability | Casual admissions | Intentional sharing in standups |
Transparency Over Surveillance
Making Work Visible
TRANSPARENCY THROUGH GITSCRUM:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ VISIBILITY WITHOUT MICROMANAGEMENT │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ TASK TRANSPARENCY: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ WRONG (Surveillance): ││
│ │ ├── Keystroke logging ││
│ │ ├── Screenshot monitoring ││
│ │ ├── "Always on camera" policies ││
│ │ └── Micro-updates every hour ││
│ │ ││
│ │ RIGHT (Transparency): ││
│ │ ├── Tasks clearly stated with status ││
│ │ ├── Work moves across Kanban naturally ││
│ │ ├── Comments on blockers or decisions ││
│ │ └── Outcome-focused daily standups ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ TRUST PRINCIPLE: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ "I trust you're working on what you said. ││
│ │ I can see progress. That's enough." ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Visibility = I can see WHAT is happening ││
│ │ Surveillance = I'm checking IF you're working ││
│ │ ││
│ │ The first builds trust. The second destroys it. ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ GITSCRUM IMPLEMENTATION: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Team sees: ││
│ │ ├── Who is working on what (task assignments) ││
│ │ ├── Current status (Kanban columns) ││
│ │ ├── Progress notes (task comments) ││
│ │ ├── Blockers (flagged items, discussions) ││
│ │ └── Delivery (completed items, velocity) ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Team does NOT need: ││
│ │ ├── Hours worked ││
│ │ ├── Online status ││
│ │ └── Activity tracking ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Documenting Decisions
DECISION TRANSPARENCY:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ BUILDING TRUST THROUGH SHARED CONTEXT │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ WHY DECISIONS MATTER: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Remote teams can't overhear decisions. ││
│ │ If undocumented: "Why did they decide that? Nobody ││
│ │ asked me. Are they hiding something?" ││
│ │ ││
│ │ If documented: "I see why. Makes sense. I trust ││
│ │ them to make good calls." ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ GITSCRUM DISCUSSIONS FOR DECISIONS: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Subject: API Authentication Approach ││
│ │ ││
│ │ CONTEXT: ││
│ │ We need to choose auth for the new API endpoints. ││
│ │ ││
│ │ OPTIONS CONSIDERED: ││
│ │ 1. JWT tokens (stateless, scalable) ││
│ │ 2. Session-based (simpler, but sticky sessions) ││
│ │ 3. OAuth2 (industry standard, more complex) ││
│ │ ││
│ │ DECISION: JWT tokens ││
│ │ ││
│ │ RATIONALE: ││
│ │ - Aligns with microservices direction ││
│ │ - No session server dependency ││
│ │ - Team already has JWT experience ││
│ │ ││
│ │ TRADE-OFFS ACCEPTED: ││
│ │ - Token revocation is harder ││
│ │ - Will need token refresh implementation ││
│ │ ││
│ │ PARTICIPANTS: @sarah, @mike, @chen ││
│ │ DATE: 2025-01-15 ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ MINIMUM DOCUMENTATION RULE: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Every technical decision affecting >1 person: ││
│ │ ├── What was decided ││
│ │ ├── Why (brief rationale) ││
│ │ ├── Who was involved ││
│ │ └── When ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Store in: NoteVault (persistent) or ││
│ │ Discussions (conversational) ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Async Communication Norms
Team Standup for Daily Connection
ASYNC DAILY UPDATES:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ GITSCRUM TEAM STANDUP │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ TRUST-BUILDING FORMAT: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Team Standup | Today, 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM window ││
│ │ ││
│ │ @anna (posted 8:45 AM): ││
│ │ Yesterday: Finished payment webhook handlers ││
│ │ Today: Starting notification service ││
│ │ Blockers: Need API access from @mike ││
│ │ Energy: 🟢 Good ││
│ │ ││
│ │ @mike (posted 10:30 AM): ││
│ │ Yesterday: Code review, fixed auth bug ││
│ │ Today: API access for Anna, then dashboard ││
│ │ Blockers: None ││
│ │ Energy: 🟡 Okay - rough night with kid ││
│ │ ││
│ │ @chen (posted 2:15 PM - different timezone): ││
│ │ Yesterday: Database migration testing ││
│ │ Today: Performance profiling ││
│ │ Blockers: Waiting on staging deploy ││
│ │ Energy: 🟢 Good ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ OPTIONAL VULNERABILITY FIELDS: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Adding human connection to async updates: ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Energy level: 🟢🟡🔴 (no explanation needed) ││
│ │ Personal note: "Taking lunch break for gym" ││
│ │ Wins: "Finally fixed that flaky test!" ││
│ │ Help needed: "Anyone done this before?" ││
│ │ ││
│ │ These are OPTIONAL - forcing them kills authenticity ││
│ │ Model the behavior, don't mandate it ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ TRUST SIGNAL: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ When team members voluntarily share: ││
│ │ - Low energy days → Psychological safety exists ││
│ │ - Blockers honestly → Problem-solving culture ││
│ │ - Wins genuinely → Celebration is safe ││
│ │ - Mistakes openly → Learning culture ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Response Time Expectations
COMMUNICATION SLAs FOR TRUST:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CLEAR EXPECTATIONS REDUCE ANXIETY │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ CHANNEL-BASED RESPONSE TIMES: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Channel │ Response │ Use For ││
│ │─────────────────┼──────────┼────────────────────────────││
│ │ Slack/Teams │ 4 hours │ Quick questions, FYIs ││
│ │ Task comments │ Same day │ Work-related decisions ││
│ │ Discussions │ 24-48h │ Bigger topics, proposals ││
│ │ Email │ 24-48h │ External, formal ││
│ │ Emergency call │ 15 min │ Production down only ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ DOCUMENTED IN TEAM AGREEMENT: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ TEAM COMMUNICATION NORMS ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Core Hours (Overlap): 10 AM - 2 PM UTC ││
│ │ - Meetings scheduled in this window ││
│ │ - Faster responses expected ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Outside Core Hours: ││
│ │ - Async is default ││
│ │ - No expectation of immediate response ││
│ │ - Notifications can be silenced ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Blocking on Someone: ││
│ │ - Post in Slack + tag them ││
│ │ - If >4 hours, add task comment ││
│ │ - If urgent, escalate to call (rarely) ││
│ │ ││
│ │ When You're Blocked: ││
│ │ - Update task status to "Blocked" ││
│ │ - Tag blocker in comment ││
│ │ - Move to other work if possible ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ WHY THIS BUILDS TRUST: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ With clear norms: ││
│ │ - No anxiety about "Are they ignoring me?" ││
│ │ - No guilt about not responding instantly ││
│ │ - Everyone knows what to expect ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Ambiguity creates suspicion. Clarity creates trust. ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Building Psychological Safety
Safe to Fail
CREATING FAILURE-FRIENDLY CULTURE:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY IN REMOTE TEAMS │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ LEADER BEHAVIORS: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Model vulnerability: ││
│ │ ├── "I made a mistake on the estimate..." ││
│ │ ├── "I don't know how to approach this yet" ││
│ │ ├── "That didn't work, let me try again" ││
│ │ └── "I need help with..." ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Respond to failures: ││
│ │ ├── "Thanks for surfacing this early" ││
│ │ ├── "What did we learn?" ││
│ │ ├── "How can we prevent next time?" ││
│ │ └── NEVER: "Who did this? Why didn't you..." ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ BLAMELESS POST-MORTEMS: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ GitScrum Discussion: Post-Mortem [Incident] ││
│ │ ││
│ │ WHAT HAPPENED: ││
│ │ Deployment took down production for 45 minutes. ││
│ │ ││
│ │ TIMELINE: ││
│ │ 14:00 - Deploy started ││
│ │ 14:05 - Errors in logs noticed ││
│ │ 14:15 - Rollback initiated ││
│ │ 14:45 - Service restored ││
│ │ ││
│ │ ROOT CAUSE: ││
│ │ Database migration ran before app was ready. ││
│ │ Staging didn't catch it (different data volume). ││
│ │ ││
│ │ ACTION ITEMS: ││
│ │ ├── Add staging data volume test ││
│ │ ├── Implement blue-green deployment ││
│ │ └── Add deployment checklist ││
│ │ ││
│ │ NOTE: This is about systems, not people. ││
│ │ We hired smart people. If they made an error, ││
│ │ the system allowed it. Fix the system. ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ SPEAKING UP CHANNELS: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Make it easy to raise concerns: ││
│ │ ││
│ │ In Standups: "Concerns" field optional ││
│ │ In Retros: Anonymous option for sensitive topics ││
│ │ 1:1s: Regular, private time with manager ││
│ │ Discussions: "Ideas/Concerns" category ││
│ │ ││
│ │ When someone raises concern: ││
│ │ ├── Thank them publicly ││
│ │ ├── Take it seriously ││
│ │ └── Follow up on resolution ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Celebrating Wins
REMOTE RECOGNITION:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ BUILDING TEAM COHESION THROUGH CELEBRATION │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ WHY IT MATTERS REMOTELY: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ In office: Spontaneous "Nice work!" at desk ││
│ │ Remote: Silence after completing work ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Without intentional celebration: ││
│ │ - Work feels unnoticed ││
│ │ - Connection weakens ││
│ │ - Motivation drops ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ CELEBRATION PRACTICES: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ WEEKLY: ││
│ │ ├── "Wins" section in team standup ││
│ │ ├── Shoutouts in team Slack channel ││
│ │ └── Sprint demo applause (yes, unmute and clap) ││
│ │ ││
│ │ MILESTONE: ││
│ │ ├── Project launch announcement ││
│ │ ├── Virtual team celebration ││
│ │ └── Personal recognition from leadership ││
│ │ ││
│ │ SMALL MOMENTS: ││
│ │ ├── Emoji reactions on completed tasks ││
│ │ ├── Quick "nice work" DMs ││
│ │ └── Highlighting good work in code reviews ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ GITSCRUM INTEGRATION: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Sprint Demo Ceremony: ││
│ │ ││
│ │ 1. Review completed items (visible on board) ││
│ │ 2. Each person demos their work ││
│ │ 3. Team gives genuine feedback ││
│ │ 4. Celebrate shipping! ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Sprint analytics become source of pride: ││
│ │ "Look at our velocity trend! We're improving." ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Building Team Connection
Non-Work Interactions
INTENTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BUILDING:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CREATING BONDS WITHOUT A BREAKROOM │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ STRUCTURED CASUAL TIME: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Weekly: ││
│ │ ├── Virtual coffee (15 min, random pairs) ││
│ │ ├── Team channel for non-work chat ││
│ │ └── Optional Friday social call ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Monthly: ││
│ │ ├── Virtual team activity (games, show & tell) ││
│ │ ├── "Life outside work" share (optional) ││
│ │ └── Interest-based channels (books, fitness, gaming) ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Quarterly: ││
│ │ └── In-person meetup if possible ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ VIRTUAL COFFEE PAIRING: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Automated weekly random pairing: ││
│ │ ││
│ │ "This week's coffee pairs: ││
│ │ - Anna ↔ Chen ││
│ │ - Mike ↔ Sarah ││
│ │ - Luis ↔ Kim ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Find 15 min this week to chat. No agenda required." ││
│ │ ││
│ │ WHY IT WORKS: ││
│ │ - Crosses team silos ││
│ │ - Builds relationships beyond project work ││
│ │ - Makes asking for help easier later ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ MEETING WARM-UPS: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Start team meetings with 2-3 min connection: ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Low-key questions: ││
│ │ ├── "What's something good from your weekend?" ││
│ │ ├── "What are you watching/reading?" ││
│ │ ├── "Show us your pet/plant/workspace" ││
│ │ └── "What's a small win this week?" ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Rotate facilitator so it's not always manager ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Onboarding New Remote Team Members
TRUST-BUILDING FOR NEW HIRES:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ REMOTE ONBOARDING FOR CONNECTION │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ FIRST WEEK FOCUS: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ DAY 1: ││
│ │ ├── Welcome call with manager ││
│ │ ├── Team introduction meeting ││
│ │ ├── Buddy assignment (different from manager) ││
│ │ └── Access to all tools (GitScrum, Slack, etc.) ││
│ │ ││
│ │ WEEK 1: ││
│ │ ├── 1:1 with each team member (15-30 min) ││
│ │ ├── Shadow sprint ceremonies ││
│ │ ├── Small starter task (success guaranteed) ││
│ │ └── Daily check-in with buddy ││
│ │ ││
│ │ MONTH 1: ││
│ │ ├── Regular 1:1s with manager ││
│ │ ├── Gradually increasing task complexity ││
│ │ ├── Documentation of learnings (helps next hire) ││
│ │ └── Feedback collection on onboarding ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ BUDDY PROGRAM: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Buddy responsibilities: ││
│ │ ├── Answer "dumb questions" safely ││
│ │ ├── Explain team culture/norms ││
│ │ ├── Introduce to people across company ││
│ │ ├── Check in daily first two weeks ││
│ │ └── Be available on Slack for quick questions ││
│ │ ││
│ │ NOT buddy's job: ││
│ │ ├── Evaluate performance ││
│ │ ├── Assign work ││
│ │ └── Be the only contact (manager is key) ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ DOCUMENTATION ACCESS: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ GitScrum NoteVault for new hires: ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Onboarding/ ││
│ │ ├── Team_handbook.md ││
│ │ ├── Communication_norms.md ││
│ │ ├── Development_setup.md ││
│ │ ├── Architecture_overview.md ││
│ │ └── Who_does_what.md ││
│ │ ││
│ │ "Write down what you learn. The next person will ││
│ │ thank you." ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Accountability Without Micromanagement
Ownership Culture
DISTRIBUTED ACCOUNTABILITY:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ TRUST THROUGH OWNERSHIP │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ OWNERSHIP MODEL: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Clear ownership in GitScrum: ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Task: Implement user notifications ││
│ │ Owner: @anna ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Owner is responsible for: ││
│ │ ├── Completing or escalating ││
│ │ ├── Updating status regularly ││
│ │ ├── Flagging blockers early ││
│ │ └── Communicating if at risk ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Owner is NOT responsible for: ││
│ │ ├── Doing 100% of work (can delegate) ││
│ │ ├── Having all answers (ask for help) ││
│ │ └── Perfection (done > perfect) ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ COMMITMENT CULTURE: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ What we commit to, we deliver: ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Sprint planning: ││
│ │ "I commit to completing these 3 tasks this sprint." ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Daily standup: ││
│ │ "Today I will finish the notification component." ││
│ │ ││
│ │ When at risk: ││
│ │ "I'm behind on notifications. Need to de-scope or ││
│ │ get help." ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Honoring commitments builds trust. ││
│ │ Transparent failure is better than hidden failure. ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ PROGRESS VISIBILITY: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ GitScrum Kanban makes progress natural: ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Tasks move: To Do → In Progress → Review → Done ││
│ │ ││
│ │ No status reports needed: ││
│ │ ├── Board shows current state ││
│ │ ├── Sprint analytics show velocity ││
│ │ ├── Time tracking shows effort ││
│ │ └── Burndown shows progress ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Trust the system, not constant check-ins. ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Handling Conflict Remotely
Addressing Issues Directly
CONFLICT RESOLUTION WITHOUT BODY LANGUAGE:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ REMOTE CONFLICT IS HARDER │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ WHY REMOTE CONFLICT ESCALATES: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Missing cues: ││
│ │ ├── No facial expressions in text ││
│ │ ├── Tone interpreted negatively ││
│ │ ├── Silence feels like anger ││
│ │ └── Context missing from short messages ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Text message: "That's not what we agreed." ││
│ │ Reader thinks: They're angry at me ││
│ │ Writer meant: Neutral clarification ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ CONFLICT PROTOCOL: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ STEP 1: Assume positive intent ││
│ │ "They probably meant well. Let me clarify." ││
│ │ ││
│ │ STEP 2: Move to video call ││
│ │ If >2 messages without resolution → call ││
│ │ ││
│ │ STEP 3: State observations, not judgments ││
│ │ ✓ "I noticed X. Can you help me understand?" ││
│ │ ✗ "You always do X. Why?" ││
│ │ ││
│ │ STEP 4: Focus on future, not past ││
│ │ "How can we prevent this next time?" ││
│ │ ││
│ │ STEP 5: Document agreement ││
│ │ "Just to confirm, we agreed to..." ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ WHEN TO INVOLVE MANAGER: │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ Escalate if: ││
│ │ ├── Direct conversation didn't resolve ││
│ │ ├── Pattern of behavior, not one incident ││
│ │ ├── Affecting team productivity ││
│ │ └── Someone feels unsafe ││
│ │ ││
│ │ Don't escalate if: ││
│ │ ├── First occurrence ││
│ │ ├── Haven't tried direct conversation ││
│ │ └── It's a preference, not a problem ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Best Practices
Do's
HIGH-TRUST REMOTE BEHAVIORS:
✓ OVER-COMMUNICATE
Default to sharing more context, not less
✓ DOCUMENT EVERYTHING
Decisions, processes, context in writing
✓ ASSUME POSITIVE INTENT
Benefit of doubt in text interpretation
✓ MEET COMMITMENTS
Deliver what you said, or communicate early
✓ BE VULNERABLE
Model asking for help, admitting mistakes
✓ CELEBRATE OPENLY
Make wins visible across the team
Don'ts
TRUST-DESTROYING BEHAVIORS:
✗ SURVEILLANCE
Monitoring activity instead of outcomes
✗ SILENT CONCERNS
Worrying without raising issues
✗ INFORMATION HOARDING
Keeping context to yourself
✗ INVISIBLE WORK
Doing work without updating anyone
✗ BLAME CULTURE
Punishing mistakes instead of learning